OverviewA migraine is a moderate to severe headache affecting one or both sides of the head.
What is going on in the body?Migraines are believed to be caused by changes in the blood flow in the vessels of the head. Changes in blood flow to different areas of the brain can produce a variety of symptoms.
What are the signs and symptoms of the condition?Signs and symptoms of migraine can include:
• headache that can last for hours or days on one or both sides of the head
• loss of coordination
• nausea
• numbness or tingling in hands and feet
• paralysis anywhere in the body
• sensitivity to sound, light, or smell
• sensory loss, such as loss of smell or taste
• trouble remembering things
• vomiting
• weakness
A migraine headache may be preceded by an aura. An aura begins 5 to 30 minutes before the headache pain and consists of strange sensations of vision, smell, or feeling.
What are the causes and risks of the condition?
The tendency for migraine headaches is probably inherited. Other factors that put a person at risk for migraines include: bright lights
certain foods and drinks, such as caffeine, chocolate, or alcohol
head injury
or neck injury
hormonal changes in women, especially during menstruation
stress
poor sleep habits
weather changes
What can be done to prevent the condition?
A person can help prevent migraine headaches by: avoiding his or her personal triggersexercising regularlylimiting stress
How is the condition diagnosed?
According to the International Headache Society, migraine is diagnosed when a person has the following: at least five headache episodes, each lasting 4 to 72 hours
nausea
or sensitivity to light and sounds
at least two of the following: one-sided pain, pulsing pain, moderate or severe pain, or pain aggravated by physical activity
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