Q:   Will these menopause symptoms last for the rest of my life?
A:   For most women, the symptoms of menopause last for a relatively short time. However, a woman's level of estrogen naturally remains low after menopause. This can affect many parts of the body, including the sexual and urinary organs, the heart and the bones. So in that sense, the changes of menopause will be lifelong. But eating right, exercising and making other positive lifestyle changes can help a woman feel great and live a long, healthy life after menopause.

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Q:   What can be done to relieve pain during sex?
A:   Sexual penetration may be painful when there is not enough moisture in the vagina or when the tissue lining the vagina becomes fragile because of lower estrogen levels in the body. Several methods are available to relieve pain. It may sound surprising, but frequent sexual activity is one of the most effective remedies for vaginal dryness. Other remedies include taking a warm bath before sex or using lubricants. Short-acting, water-based lubricants, such as K-Y Jelly, supply moisture and are used immediately before intercourse. These products are readily available in grocery stores and pharmacies, usually at a low cost. Long-acting vaginal moisturizers are also available, and can provide extended relief. Vaginal creams, rings or tablets containing estrogen are very helpful in relieving the symptoms of menopause, including vaginal dryness.

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Q:   Since I began menopause, I've had an embarrassing problem — urine leaks when I laugh or cough. What can be done to prevent this?
A:   Some women have problems with bladder control after menopause begins. This happens because the muscles that surround the bladder and hold the urine inside become weaker when estrogen levels are low. Fortunately, simple exercises — known as Kegel exercises — can strengthen these muscles. To perform a Kegel, contract the pelvic muscles as if trying to tighten or close the vaginal opening. Hold the contraction for a count of three and then relax. Wait a couple of seconds and repeat. Fast Kegels (squeezing and relaxing muscles as quickly as possible) can also help. Performing several Kegels a day (try for a total of 50 per day) can markedly improve bladder control — and may even enhance sexual pleasure. Taking estrogen can also help maintain the tone or strength of pelvic muscles, but has not been proven to help with incontinence.

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