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Facts About Phobias (cont)
Research shows a small structure in the brain, the amygdala, may be responsible for fear responses. Studies funded by the National Institute of Mental Health suggest social phobias may be inherited, while other scientists are investigating biochemical roots of the disorder. Up to half of social phobics may suffer from a simultaneous psychiatric problem such as panic disorder, substance abuse or depression. Some people have "generalized social phobia" in which they fear any situation where they may be under the scrutiny of others. Others have a fear of only certain social situations, such as public speaking, and therefore have "nongeneralized social phobia." Dr. Herbert Ward of the University of Florida Brain Institute's Department of Psychiatry, cautions that some people exhibit symptoms of social phobia, though their fears may be tied to medical or physical conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, obesity or disfigurement. Some people with social phobia become so anxious they develop panic disorder.
Panic Disorder Panic attacks can accompany social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder or major depression. However, they sometimes affect otherwise healthy individuals. It is not unusual for a person with panic disorder to develop phobias about certain places or situations where panic attacks have occurred, such as in supermarkets or other everyday situations. As the frequency of panic attacks increases, the person often begins to avoid situations where they fear another attack may occur or where help would not be immediately available. This avoidance may eventually develop into agoraphobia, an inability to go beyond known and safe surroundings because of intense fear and anxiety. Regardless of the type of phobia, it's important to remember that a variety of treatments are available and usually very effective. |
